Email this article Molecular Characterization, Predilection and Seasonal Distribution of Ticks on Cattle in Western Delta Region of Delta State, Nigeria
Abstract
The increasing incidence of blood feeding ecto-parasites (BFEs, eg ticks) amongst cattles has welcomed interest in recent times especially as associated diseases continues to show global implications. Our study investigates the preferred feeding site and seasonal distribution of ticks (BFEs) on the body of cattle in Western Delta region of Delta State, Nigeria. Mobile herdsmen within 11 cattle settlement area of the region were recruited for the study in a bid to access ticks’ distribution. A total of 250 cattle were examined (with random sampling of cattle from each settlement) during study. Collected ticks were subjected to morphological examination and molecular/genotypic characterization/identification of tick samples using 12S rRNA mitochondrial target specific oligonucleotide pairs. Two thousand and forty five (2045) ticks or ectoparasites were recovered from cattle with ticks overall prevalence of (74.41 %). Seven species of ticks were mophlogically and molecularly observed with Rhipicephalus spp (26.70%) as most prevalent, while Haemophysalus leachi (3.47%) is the least prevalent. It is important to submit that these details of recovered ticks preferred feeding sites such as abdomen, dorsum, ear, head, hump and leg/thigh. Other ticks were also recovered from the neck/shoulder, perianal, scrotum, sternal region, tail, udder and vulva regions. The infected body parts ranged as follows: abdomen 22.30%, dorsum 12.37%, scrotum 9.93% and leg/thigh 9.34%. Others were udder 8.85% and neck/shoulder 6.21%. It was also observed that female cattle were mostly infected with a prevalence of 54.72% than the males 45.28%. Tick infestation in cattle may result severe skin irritation, restlessness, rapid emaciation and decrease in milk/meat production and other microbial diseases which may result fever and piroplasmosis. The age-related infection of ticks was observed as 30.4% for the young cattle and 69.6% for the adults’ cattle infested. It is therefore recommended that appropriate control measures be encouraged to check the spread of ticks’ types and cattle part infested in the study area. These indices should be determined by climatic season since ticks thrives better and consequently reproduce rapidly when the temperature is low and humidity is high.
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