Consequences of Government Capital Expenditure on Academic Performance in Technical and Commercial Schools within Zone 1 Senatorial District of Kaduna State, Nigeria

Rakiya Saleh, Samira Ahmed Abdulsalam, Muntari Maiwada

Abstract


This study examined the consequences of government capital expenditure on academic performance in technical and commercial schools within Zone 1 Senatorial District of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The research was motivated by persistent challenges in the education sector, including poor infrastructure, inadequate funding, and declining student performance, despite significant government investment. The study sought to determine the impact of government capital expenditure on students’ academic achievement, assess the adequacy of such spending, and compare the performance of students in public and private schools. A survey research design was adopted, involving 300 respondents drawn from five selected technical and commercial schools through multistage sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and interviews and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including mean, standard deviation, Chi-square, t-test, and regression analysis, at a 0.05 significance level. The findings revealed that government capital expenditure significantly influences academic performance, particularly through improved infrastructure, laboratory facilities, and teacher efficiency. However, inadequacies in funding, poor project implementation, and weak maintenance culture reduce the effectiveness of these expenditures. The study also found a significant difference in academic performance between public and private school students, with private schools outperforming public ones due to better management and accountability. It was concluded that while capital expenditure contributes positively to educational outcomes, its impact depends largely on efficient utilization, monitoring, and sustainability. The study recommended that the government should increase and sustain funding for technical and commercial education, ensure transparent fund utilization, improve maintenance practices, strengthen teacher capacity, and encourage stakeholder participation in educational governance.


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