Biodegradation of Low-Density Polyethylene using Bacteria and Fungi Isolated from Dumpsite Soil in Kano State, Nigeria

Sani I. M., Kawo A. H., Bukar U. A., Due P. E.

Abstract


The most widely available plastic in the world today is polyethylene and the current methods for disposing of plastic wastes mainly include landfilling, incineration and mechanical and chemical recycling. In most countries, especially the developing countries, landfilling is the major method for plastic wastes disposal due to its operability and low cost. In Nigeria, the increase in volume and types of plastic wastes that are indiscriminately dumped continues to cause serious environmental pollution and other undesirable consequences due to slow deterioration rates. This call for new approaches to waste management such as better use of naturally occurring microorganisms with intrinsic ability to use, grow on and biodegrade LDPE waste.  The aim of the study is to biodegrade low density polyethylene (LDPE) using bacteria and fungi isolated from dumpsite soil in Kano state, Nigeria. Microorganisms were isolated from a dumpsite soil, collected from Sheka Yarkasuwa, Kumbotso Local Government, Kano State, Nigeria. The mean aerobic mesophilic bacterial and fungal count was found to be 9.30×106±4.2×105and 3.30×106±2.8×105. The biodegradability of LDPE films was analysed by combination of methods including weight loss method, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation. The individual weight loss of bacterial isolates shown by Lysini bacillussphaericus (27.37%) was higher compared to Bacillus horneckiae (26.17%), their consortia (10.53%), Penicillium spp (7.6%) Aspergillus niger (6.67) and their consortia (12.32%). The biodegradation assay using weight loss, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR) confirmed the ability of these microorganisms to breakdown LDPE, resulting in morphological changes and alterations in chemical structure. These findings suggest that dumpsite soil microorganisms hold promise for developing biotechnological solutions for LDPE waste management.


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