Effect of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Pignut (Hyptis suaveolens L.) against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

Aina O. A., Etudaye U., Usman F. O., Upahi L., Oludare T. T.

Abstract


Mosquito-borne diseases are the most significant public health risks globally. This study evaluates the potency of methanolic leaf extracts of Pignut (Hyptis suaveolens) as mosquito larvicides under laboratory conditions. The leaf extracts of test plants were obtained using cold extraction. Different test concentrations of 5,4,3 and 2 mg/ml (control) were prepared from stock solution. Twenty five larvae of Aedes aegypti were exposed to various concentrations and observations were made for the period of 24 hour. The data obtained from this were subjected to descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) coupled with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were used to compare result within doses and among treatment and control group. The result with p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The result indicates that the mean larval mortality of A. aegypti recorded highest concentration of 5 mg/ml (25.00±0.00) mortality at 12hrs followed by 4 mg/ml (20.25±1.50) hence, no mortality was recorded in the control. Also, the qualitative phytochemical screening of the plant revealed metabolites like tannins, saponins, alkaloid, flavonoid and phenol except for anthraquinine, glycosides and terpenoid which were absent. For the quantitative screening, phenol revealed highest significant content of metabolite (299.19±0.99) while alkaloids revealed the least metabolite content (20.27±0.30). This result indicates that methanolic leaf extract of H. suaveolens is an excellent alternative to synthetic compounds. Therefore, the use of Bio-insecticides derived from plants should be implemented for the control of mosquitoes rather than the use of synthetic insecticides because bio-insecticides derived from plants is eco-friendly, less expensive and target species.


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